Similarities Between Christianity And Islam - 1316 Words

In today’s world, the largest religion is Christianity with a 33 percent and Islam coming in second place at around 21 percent. According to the article A Common Word between Us and You Both religions make up around half of the population around the world. Islam and Christianity are collectively known as Abrahamic religions because they trace their history to the covenant God made with Abraham in the Hebrew Bible. Christianity and Islam are two of the fastest growing religions, and they both have a lot in common ideas but yet have major differences in their beliefs and practices. First of all, both of Christianity and Islam religions have a quiet of bit in similarities. One example in which both religious have same ideas is that they both believe in one God. According to Mojzes and Swidler â€Å"Christianity and Islam are monotheistic religions; they believe that there is only one God. Jews and Muslims greatly stress the oneness and unity of God. The affirmation of the oneness of God by Christians is sometimes misunderstood, because Christians believe that the one God is triune (the Holy Trinity). However, this is not a denial of monotheism but an affirmation of the complexity of the Divine Being. Both faiths believe that this God is the origin and source of all that exists. God cares about the entire creation and desires the well-being of all. God is just and has provided basic roles for our guidance so that we might be good and righteous, according to God sShow MoreRelatedSimilarities Between Christianity And Islam993 Words   |  4 Pages Christianity and Islam are the two biggest religions that are present in the world today, with close to fou r billion followers combined. While Christianity and Islam actually have a lot more in common than most people think, there are still many differences to them. First, let’s start with the similarities between the two. Both religions believe that in one way or another, Jesus will return to Earth in the final days of the world to have a judgement day, in which essentially will determine if youRead MoreSimilarities Between Islam And Christianity997 Words   |  4 PagesIslam and Christianity are two largely wide spread religions in the world that have a great impact on their followers, especially in a spiritual manner. Because of originality, values, and unique believes in each religion, their believers respect and try to comprehend each other’s faith. With Christianity’s record 2.2 billion population and Islam’s impressive 1.6 billion population, they both form the bases of their countries laws and are recognized by governments all around the world. Even t houghRead MoreSimilarities Between Christianity And Islam1427 Words   |  6 PagesChristianity and Islam share much common ground. They trace their origins to Abraham; believe in prophecy, apostles, revelation, scripture, resurrection, and life after death. Christianity and Islam have related theological traditions; believe in one omnipotent God who is concerned with human salvation. Both religions are somewhat similar in how they embrace their beliefs; what the church is to Christianity, the umma is to Islam. Notwithstanding these important similarities, however, these two worldviewsRead MoreSimilarities Between Christianity And Islam1088 Words   |  5 Pagessignificant historic province where it served as the birthplace for many beliefs and religions such as Christianity and Islam. Within 600 CE to 1250 CE and 1st century to 1000 CE, Christianity and Islam began to spread. The two leading religions were very apparent in their belief in God and worship. As we seek to understand the Christian and Islam beliefs, it is important to be familiar with both the similarities and differences in the early years. The thought of death may terrify most of us, but to thoseRead MoreSimilarities Between Christianity And Islam1409 Words   |  6 Pages Christianity and Islam were both spread in socially and economically similar and politically different. They both had an important people that role and spread of the religions. Christianity included the individuals of who believe in Jesus Christ. Christians are the flowers of the Christ who often believed is the son of the God (â€Å"the father†); Christians strongly believe that Christ will return after the next life; the end of the world. Islam consists of individuals who believe in Allah, the godRead MoreSimilarities Between Christianity And Islam1005 Words   |  5 Pages Compare and contrast ancient Christianity and Islam. Christianity and Islam are both closely related religions, because they are branched of Abraham and other patriarchs mentioned in Hebrew Scriptures. Examples of these books are the Old/ New testament and the Quran. These books serve as their spiritual ancestors and are also know as Abrahamic religions. Although these books have a massive amount in common the clash of these two religions has caused for a mass crimes and violence across humanityRead MoreSimilarities Between Christianity And Islam891 Words   |  4 PagesChristianity came about 2000 years ago and was founded by Jesus Christ. It is mostly practiced in the Western world with a population of about 2 billion people. The name Christianity came from a Greek word ‘Christos’ meaning Jesus Christ and was founded between 4 B.C. and 30 A.D, and consist of the 3 major groups which are the Roman Catholic, Protestant and Orthodox. Islam on the other hand was founded about 1400 years ago by Muhammad in 600’s A.D. The word Islam is derived from an Arabic word forRead MoreSimilarities Between Christianity And Islam1332 Words   |  6 Pagesreligion has its own goal, and their own path and belief to reach their goals. However, there are many similarities in beliefs. Although the followers of Judaism, Christianit y, and Islam may see things differently, they all fundamentally hold the same values and codes. To Islam, the Prophet Mohammad’s teaching is a complete and final revelation. On the other hand, according to the bible, Christianity believes that Jesus Christ is the true lord and savior that will grant you the access to heaven in theRead MoreSimilarities Between Islam And Christianity1928 Words   |  8 Pagesget punished for practicing religion. The two religions bear some superficial similarities, the differences between the two religions is clear though. How the two religions practice their beliefs, the population, beliefs, and how they view â€Å"Jesus† are different and similar. Although the two religions are very different from each other, they also show some similarities. The main similarity is that Islam and Christianity both are monotheistic; meaning they believe in one god. Which are 2 out of theRead MoreSimilarities Between Islam And Christianity1619 Words   |  7 Pagessimilar beginnings, Islam is a religion of violence and Christianity is a religion of peace and therefore is more beneficial to society. It is important to understand the similarities between Islam and Christianity, specifically their origins, to better understand their differences. Islam is believed to have been started through the descendants of Abraham, a man who was considered a prophet of God in both Islam and Christianity. Many historians and theologians agree that Islam began through the lineage

Maturity and Emerging Adulthood P 2 Free Essays

string(107) " founded with the broad approaches that may even equate the person perception’s in terms of credibility\." This article is about Gwendolyn who was the singer-songwriter and the Goodtime Gang happened to be her band. Gwendolyn’s appeal is over age seven (7) wherein her typical performance may include the coverage of standards in preschool such as the â€Å"Bingo and The Itsy Spider†. She has also some original compositions tackling the topics of human anatomy with the emphasis of sharing. We will write a custom essay sample on Maturity and Emerging Adulthood P 2 or any similar topic only for you Order Now Gwendolyn was twenty-eight years old and said to be performing the Raggedy Ann dress, known to be the pigtails that are cartoonist and the socks are knee-high. She performed in one of the nightclubs of Los Angeles that even performs for such crowd of fans wherein the idea is indeed stiff drinking extending beyond the undiluted. Many of the audience are sitting crossed-legged on the floor wherein the cocktails may even perch of the knees considerably bobbing. Gwendolyn has no children of her own but most of her songs are definitely for children as inspired by a four (4) year old kid inside me that performed the music of children for the grown-ups audience that is absolutely more than the lark of hipster which was then absolutely liberating.   The inner children are having the fun all over and whether the mere fact of buying cars as the consumers’ market at their half age, the baby-doll fashions of dressing may be the bonding over the games of Twister and at the same time kickball with the new breed of the quasi adult who is the culture’s co-opting with the children as never been before. Mostly have their busy lives with the responsibilities among adult with the jobs as indeed respectful and the children of their own. They are not absolutely been regard as stunted adolescents wherein the are said to be something thus, the grown-ups may event cultivate the tastes in the products as well as Call’s entertainment with rejuveniles. Synthesis: In terms of Ethos of the Article, the speaker is very convincing in terms of the presence of widespread evidence. As stated by Nielsen Media, the research made proven that the more adults at age eighteen (18) to forty-nine years old may even watch the Network pertaining to Cartoon than watching CNN. There are more than thirty-five million people that were able to catch up with the long-lost pals of school on the Web site Classmates.com. The signing on this web site has its proof of making sixteen again and the so-called â€Å"60 Minutes II† corresponds to this as indeed reported. The fuzzy pajamas which were attached to the feet may come in the sizes of adult at its Target that is along with the underpants of Scooby Doo. As studied the video game of average age is now twenty-nine (29) that is up from only eighteen in the year 1990, in accordance with the entertainment Software Association. Another attraction is the cartoon Hello Kitty facing the toasters’ graces wherein the Sea Monkeys may come in the set of executive. Avenue Q is called the stars of the puppets classified as the puppets of googly-eyed that even grapple with the disappointment in career and mixed such credit cards with relationships failure. The part of pleasure in show that is beside the puppet sex is the real attachments’ rediscovery with the creatures like those of children as discussed by Jeff Whitty who happened t be the librettist. This may awaken the kid in us. There was no single word emerging with the phenomenon’s description but some of the few phrases in lexicon marketing may even describe some of the important aspects. Another thing is the advertisement in San Francisco   with the firm Odiorne Wilde Narraway and Partners may call with the retro brands resurgence who were among eighteen (18) to at least thirty-four (34) years olds. There are also article logos as used in order to attract more audience and Peter pandemonium as made by the Toymakers may now take the aim at kidult which was defined by the company of Italian named Kidult Games wherein most adults may take care the kid inside. The researchers at the Foundation of MacArthur study the adultolescents with the said twenty (20) to thirty (30) something’s living at home and still depended on the financial support of most parents including the emotions. Some of the marketers may court the direct rejuvenates like for instance, the mother and daughter’s friendship wherein this may ask the revived line of advertisement for such revived line of the dolls by Strawberry Shortcake while the others may speak with the soul of rejuvenate by means of simple selling to many kids. The element of Honda including the Tonka like is indeed the introduction of such mini-truck by the company in terms of dorm room’s combination with the camp’s base designated for the buyers who are younger active and was able to market at the extreme sports as well as the surfing events. The average age in terms of the Element drivers, Mr. Boyd speak about the average age of the drivers’ element with anticipation that with regards to the new definition in terms of family buyer, someone does not even want to give up the so-called character of an individual though they are indeed getting older. There is no new things discovered with regards to the reveling adults in the culture of kiddies wherein Shirley Temple, Ronald Dahl including Pee Wee Herman had plenty of fans among the adult and the researchers in market may even say that the childishness strong way may start about two years ago. The source of credibility may be used as the construction as examined in terms of social sciences wherein the recent work may found the existence of support with regards to the three dimensions as identified with work from the year 1950s through the 180s with consistent revelation in terms of two dimensions, the competence and the character including the other dimensions like for instance dynamism as founded with the broad approaches that may even equate the person perception’s in terms of credibility. You read "Maturity and Emerging Adulthood P 2" in category "Essay examples" Going back to Mr. Furendi may start the research may call as the cultivation of self-conscious in terms of immaturity that is after the college spotting for most students who are watching with Teletubbies in the bar of most university. The scene that may stick in mind may be able to think with the wave’s representative with infantilism that sweeps with Britain and beyond. The happening is in terms of maintenance with Mr. Furendi as the natural extreme responding to the culture of media equating to be older with being square and at the same time younger and yet being relevant. Nowadays, the way of demonstrating the worth is up to the extent in which there still rock concerts considerably groovy with the still player. But many of those who was able to fit with the best profile was able to grow up with the wearing of Sesame Street T-shirts or the skin knees of arthritic and at the same time the motor scooters insisting with the obstinate Peter Pans or the connoisseurs of the so-called kitsch. With regards to many descriptions there is such near frantic compulsion remaining to be playful, at the same time flexible and fun in the said face of realities like the mortgages that is considerably of fixed-rate or the lawn care. Like for instance, Mitch Anthony, the president of brand as well as the design firm in the Northampton, mass is indeed full-fledged adult wherein the children may be closer in full in terms of suits and the fence considerably picket costing $ 10,000. The said approach upon reaching 50th birthday, there is no absolute reason giving up most of the doing as love for the kid that still biking. The love for hanging with friends and with pleasure of talking about sex is the common things done by younger generations. Rejuvenates may absolutely reserve with the deepest respect for most adults in terms of management in terms of both taking care with the business and making time for the said playing. Response Bryan Page, the known professor of anthropology including the department’s chairman at Miami University may play the history regarding the recreation or children’s preparation moving into the roles of adult. The totality of dynamic was the reversal of such play becoming the primary purpose and at the same time value with many lives of adult. This is about the bordering of the sacred wherein the historical standpoint may be having its entire backward. Most rejuvenates may even reject the enthusiasms’ notion who are being childish in the first place like for instance the appreciation on Chipmunks in terms of recording is indeed funny during the period as discussed by Jacob Austen who is thirty-four (34) years old, known to be the writer of Chicago and the music authority by Alvin as well as the Chipmunks as part of the genre among the fans of music children with the affection called the rodent rock. Mr. Austen was able to produce the dance program among the children in Chicago with the address in public-access in terms of television saying that one of the best entertainments among the kids is indeed universal. Ironically, most kids as experienced in the actual may not even be caring lesser about the stuff which may enchant the rejuvenates and the taking of the Music Project in the Schools of Langley that is â€Å"Innocence and Despair†, with the Canadian CD the children of school with the praised by likes of David Bowie and John Zorn calling with nothing that is absolutely lesser than the music touching with the heart in such a way that there is no other music which has ever had. The focus may be the conceptions of transition to the adulthood which is absolutely different among the adults of young-to-midlife as compared with the groups of younger age. In all the groups’ age, the criteria of individualism may be most likely considered to be the important makers in terms of adulthood transition, with such specific acceptance for the actions that may even decide with the beliefs and values that may even establish in equal relationships among the parents and becoming to be in financial independency. The younger to the adults of midlife may be less likely in terms of adolescents is considering with transitions of adulthood with specific acceptance in terms of responsibility regarding one’s actions, in order to decide the beliefs and the values that establish the relationship as equal among the parents and may become as the financial independent. The adults of young-to-midlife were said to be less likely compared to adolescents considering the biological transitions and at the same time important and at the same time more likely to be emerged as part of the transition with adulthood. In all the three Groupings , the role of the said transitions such as marriage may even rank with the importance that is considerably lowest. Conclusion: The sign of being adulthood is to get married that signifies the adulthood’s attainment in terms of American society. This is considered as one of the important than the others with equal importance and perhaps none of tem with entire differently criteria’s that are absolutely different. The dependency on every perspective is to anticipate the adulthood’s transition or in the said process in order to look at the perspective of midlife. In the present study, the transition’s conceptions for adulthood may even examine the majority of American culture considered as the role of transitions in many areas like the marriage and to become a parent, the capacities of parent such as the capacity in order to give care for children and the compliance known to be normative such as the drunk driving to avoid the individuals in order to decide with own beliefs and at the same time values that includes the transitions with legal and biological aspect. The focus of this study is mainly on adulthood conception in the majority culture of most American wherein the large white and the middle class may be broad in terms of the American society setting the mostly of the norms including the standards holding the political positions including the economics and the power of intellect. This is in recognition with the American society and may even include such other cultures as being perspectives with different presentations wherein the criteria of adulthood may be used in the present study for drawing the anthropological, study in sociology including the psychological transition of adulthood learned from the previous studies made. References http://www.christophernoxon.com/index.php/cnsite/clip/i_dont_want_to_grow_up/ Rejuvenile: Kickball, Cartoons, Cupcakes and the Reinvention of the American Grown-Up, Chirstopher Noxon http://www.huffingtonpost.com/christopher-noxon    How to cite Maturity and Emerging Adulthood P 2, Essay examples

Law & Society Law

Question: Write an essay on Law Society? Answer: In criminal law, the test of a reasonable person is often employed as a decisive factor for identifying the cognitive fault. This principle arises from the concern that individuals are susceptible to be subjected to legal proceedings, in case, they use force against an assailant leading to death or injury of the perpetrator. The law governing self-defense is very complicated. The law permits an individual who is attacked by another to use force against the latter but only to such extent as is reasonably necessary. An individual may require the protection of this legal defense, in case, he/ she has used force against another so as to protect his own self or somebody else or some property or for the purpose of preventing a crime. The concept of self-defense is prevalent under both common law and statute. As far as common law is concerned, self-defense is not a new phenomenon and has existed since time immemorial. At common law, self-defense enables an individual to use reasonable amount of force to; Protect his own self from being attacked or Protect another individual from being attacked or Protect property In United Kingdom, apart from the common law, Section 3(1) of the Criminal Law Act 1967 lays down that a person is entitled to use reasonable amount of force in order to prevent a crime. The section also permits the use of force for assisting the arrest of the perpetrators or suspected perpetrators or of individuals who are lawfully supposed to be behind the bars. In Chisam (1963) 47 Cr App Rep 130, Lord Parker CJ has stated hat in case a violent and forcible felony is attempted on another, the person who is subject to such assault or any other person who is present in the vicinity has the right to resist such force with force and in case required may also kill the attacker. Thus, we may state that self-defense allows one to use force not only to protect his self or property but also somebody else or the property belonging to somebody else. For instance, in the case of Rose the accused had murdered his father in order to protect his mother from being murdered by the father. The court acquitted the accused by applying the principle of self-defense. In the case of Hussey, the court held that self-defense may be used for protecting property. In this case, while the landlady was attempting to evict the accused, the said accused fired a gun that caused injury to the landlady. The court acquitted the accused on the ground that he was protecting his property. Use of force must be necessary In order to avail self-defense, the amount of force used must have been necessary for the given circumstances. In this context, the case of Hussain v. Hussain may be cited. In this case, burglars were beat by the defendants. The court found that while the burglars were lying on the ground the defendants were not acting in self-defense or for the defense of anybody else as the burglary was over by then, and none was in danger. The purpose behind the use of force by the defendants was not self-defense but violence, and hence the court did not allow the defendants to take the protection of self-defense. After the decision of this case, Sub-section 5A was introduced to Section 76 of the Criminal Justice and Immigration Act, 2008. In effect, this section provides that one must apply the force that is less than reasonable in householder cases. Use of reasonable force The most important aspect of self-defense is that the use of force ought to be reasonable. In a given situation, the amount of force used is judged by applying the test of a reasonable man. If a reasonable man of ordinary prudence was placed in similar circumstance, then the test is the reaction of the reasonable man in such situation. If the accused can satisfy his actions as being conducive to that of a reasonable man in similar circumstance, then he / she is held entitled to self-defense. In the case of Cross v. Kirkby, when Mr. Cross's partner was being led away forcibly by Mr. Kirkby, he attacked Mr. Kirkby with a baseball bat. Mr. Krikby managed to get control over the bat and hit Mr. Cross forcibly leading to a skull fracture. The court awarded damages to Mr. Cross. In appeal, Mr. Kirkby argued that he had acted in self-defense. The appeal court held that although the amount of force used by Mr. Kirkby was more than average yet it is true that he was acting in self-defense. In the case of Reed v. Wastie the court found that the use of a considerable amount of force amounted to reasonable and was completely justified in the given situation where the highway was being obstructed by an abusive and violent driver. From these cases, we may deduce that the court might take time in deciding the reasonableness of the response of the accused, the accused is required to act instantaneously. In Oatridge the court held that the court is required to determine as to whether the response of the accused commemorates the amount of danger that arises from the attack. In Cousins the court upheld that threat of force might be reasonable even if there is not the actual force. Section 76(7) of the Criminal Justice and Immigration Act 2008 provides guidance as to whether an amount of force used in a given circumstance is reasonable or not. The Section provides as follows; When a person acts for a lawful purpose, he/ she might not be able to determine the exact amount of necessary action and Evidence to the fact that the said person has only done what the person thought to be necessary for achieving a legitimate purpose is enough to prove that the person concerned has taken reasonable action. The Act of 2008 raises the issue of proportionality. Section 76(6) lays down that the amount of force used by an individual in a given circumstance might not be considered to be reasonable only by virtue of the fact that the said individual believed it to be reasonable if the said amount of force is found to be disproportionate in the said circumstances. However, Section 76(8) provides that the court might take into consideration while determining whether the use of force was reasonable or not. In fact, as far as the use of the reasonable amount of force is concerned, the provisions of statutes and principles of the common law are almost the same, and there is hardly any difference. Assessment of the test of reasonableness.' In the case of Owino the accused was charged with assaulting his wife by way of infliction of actual bodily harm. The accused argued that he had only used a reasonable amount of force in order to defend himself. The judge observed that it is for the prosecution to prove to the satisfaction of the court that the accused did not believe that the force he was using was reasonable. The trial court found the accused guilty. The accused appealed on the ground that the trial court has not stated that the amount of force would qualify as being reasonable upon being assessed subjectively. The appeal was dismissed. The court held that an individual is permitted to use only that amount of force as is (objectively) reasonable in the given circumstances as the said individual (subjectively) believes them to be and is not permitted to use that amount of force that thinks as being reasonable. This case has made it clear that the rule is that the court would judge the accused on the basis of the facts as the accused believed them to be, yet the courts would basically determine the reasonableness of the action of the accused. Thus, an individual is permitted to use that amount of force as he /she believes to be reasonable in the given circumstances. Conclusion From the above discussion we may conclude that reasonableness is an integral part of the doctrine of self-defense and the test of reasonableness depends upon a number of factors which vary from case to case and the provisions of the statute law as well as the common law provide enough criteria to determine the reasonableness of the amount of force used by an individual in a given situation so as to defend his own self or somebody else or any property. The Harm Principle has been conceptualized by John Stuart Mill. Mill argues that this principle governs the dealings of the society with the individuals by way of control and compulsion. In essence, the principle states that in a civilized society power may be fairly exercised over the members against their will only for the purpose of preventing harm to other individuals. An individual is not permitted to cause harm in order to promote his own good, whether moral or physical. As far as criminalization is concerned, the harm principle provides a standard for classifying acts as a criminal. Mill invariably argues that the state is permitted to act coercively only in case the impugned act causes harm to others or has the potential to cause harm to others. Meaning of Harm The term harm as used in the phrase harm principle means causing to harm to others. But the term harm has not been defined by Mill and causes a great deal of confusion. The question arises as to whether all types of harm can be brought under the purview of the harm principle? It is undoubtedly unjustified to criminalize actions, like, reading a book that others regard as offensive, name-calling, etc. Harm, per se, is a very broad term and may include to mean mental, economic or physical harm of any combination of these. By Harm Mill meant causing harm to others which means that harm caused to own self is not a criminal act. It might as well mean that the principle, in essence, does not allow the state to interfere in the private affairs of the individuals, in case, the harm is caused to oneself and not others. There are various ways in which harm may be caused to others. The nature of harm may be either mild or severe. For instance, reading of a book that others find offensive is the harm of mild nature whereas killing somebody or causing grievous hurt are the harm of serious or severe nature. Now the question arises as how to distinguish criminal and non-criminal harms. The issue is whether reading of an offensive material leads to causing of harm to another? The definition of harm includes; causing of psychological or physical injury to another or committing an evil or wrongful act. The instance of reading offensive material falls under the second category. But harm per se does not mean criminal harm and thus it is not rational to criminalize such actions that do not lead to serious harm. The first argument in this regard is that the said harm caused does not lead to the violation of the rights of the individuals, for instance, in the given instance the reading of material which is offensive to the Muslim community. In such an instance, the state must not use coercion. The second argument against criminalization of such actions depends upon the seriousness of the harm caused which is determined by harm and culpability. Thus, harms that endanger well-being of an individual alone should be criminalized. Is it justified to criminalize all actions that are per se wrong, no matter, the punishments for the harms differ depending upon the degree of the wrongful act and the harm caused? Reading materials that are offensive to others or watching offensive content are more of bad manners rather than bad morals, and it is not the responsibility of the state to correct bad manners. From the above discussion, we may deduce that in order to determine criminal harm we must look into the various types of offences individually. We must not generalize as it would lead to problems as it is not humanely possible to forecast and categorize all types of offences and formulation of a rule that covers all kinds of offences is next to impossible. Legal Paternalism and Autonomy Coercion Standoff The harm principle only talk about the harm caused to others and is silent as regards harm caused to oneself. The question arises as to whether it is justified for the state to criminalize such acts where harm is caused by an individual to his/ her own self. For instance, criminalization of attempt to suicide restricts the right of an individual to cause harm to his/ her own self. Whether the application of the harm principle in such cases would result in failure that requires the causing of harm to other individuals? In order to answer this question we must consider that when people commit acts that prima facie harm them are not committed in a state of social vacuum and that such actions do affect the people who are related to such individuals. For instance, A commits suicide who is a single parent of a five years old child. In such a case, the action of committing suicide affects the physical, emotional and financial well-being of X's son. Thus, the rationale underlying the harm pr inciple that actions that lead to causing of harm to others must be restrained becomes applicable when a person causes harm to his own self because in such a case the person is causing harm to those who are related to him. However, when such acts are committed by homeless people or the ones who do not have a family, it becomes an exception and in such cases it is not just for the state to exercise coercion to prevent commission of such actions but such individuals. The argument that does not support paternalism is that the sovereignty of an individual comes before safety when such act affects only the individual who performs it. For instance, many countries criminalize homosexuality in spite of the fact that the harm caused by such practices is not flagrant. In this connection, we may cite the United Kingdom case of Pretty v. United Kingdom 29th April 2002. In this case, the European Court of Human Rights discussed the issue of voluntary euthanasia. Mrs. Pretty who happened to be the applicant in this case, was suffering from such a disease which had an adverse effect on the control of muscular activity which impaired the proper functioning of the basic organs of the human body. Mrs. Pretty with the intention of committing suicide required the Director of Public Prosecutions to give an undertaking that they would not prosecute he husband, in case, he assists her in committing suicide. When the authorities refused to give the undertaking, she filed a case before the European Court of Human Rights with the claim that the said refusal by the authorities has resulted in violation of her right to life that in the view of the applicant is inclusive of the right to end one's life. However, the court rejected the application of Mrs. Pretty on th e ground that in the instant case, there has not been any such violation. An analysis of this case would reveal that a collision of two contrasting rights can be witnessed. These are; the right to human dignity and the right to life. In this case the issue as to whether a state can intervene in order to protect individuals from committing acts that are self-harming. Paternalism may be defined to be the coercive intervention for the purpose of protecting an individual from acts that would cause harm to such individual. The rejection of the application of Mrs. Pretty, in this case, seems to be an example of paternalism. In this context, we may discuss the provisions of the Criminal Justice and Immigration Act, 2008. This Act recognized a new offence; possession of an extreme pornographic image under Section 63. Under this section, possession of extreme pornographic image has been made a criminal offence. The harm principle is applicable in this case. In this case, actual bodily harm might not be inflicted by virtue of possession of pornographic images yet such images have the potential to stimulate actual bodily harm on individuals in the offline world. The internet has made it possible to possess as much pornographic images as possible which might lead to obsession and consequential commission of offences in the real world against real persons. Thus, harm principle justifies the extension of the premises of the criminal law. Conclusion From the above discussion we may deduce that the criminal law must only make provisions for protection of the individuals against harms and such matters that are concerns of private morality should not be attempted to be enforced by virtue of criminal law. Coercion may be exercised against individuals of the society only to prevent such actions that do or might lead to the infliction of harm to others and not for any other purpose. The harm principle is a significant justification behind the imposition of punishments on individuals for the commission of offences. References Baker D, The Right Not To Be Criminalized (Ashgate 2011) Chatterjee D, Encyclopedia Of Global Justice (Springer 2011) Dworkin G, 'HARM AND THE VOLENTI PRINCIPLE' (2011) 29 Social Philosophy and Policy Hahn R, Conduct And Constraints (Simon Schuster 1998) Hodson J, The Ethics Of Legal Coercion (D Reidel Pub Co 1983) Knowles D, 'A Reformulation Of The Harm Principle' (1978) 6 Political Theory Li H, Mill's Harm Principle As Social Justice (2004) McLean S, First Do No Harm (Ashgate 2006) O'Brian W, 'Distributive Justice And The Harm Principle' SSRN Electronic Journal PersÃÅ'Å’ak N, Criminalising Harmful Conduct (Springer 2007) Petersen T, 'Being Worse Off: But In Comparison With What? On The Baseline Problem Of Harm And The Harm Principle' (2014) 20 Res Publica POWELL K, 'A Parent's Refusal And The Harm Principle' (2011) 45 Pediatric News Seredyska I, Insider Dealing And Criminal Law (Springer 2011) Simester A and Smith A, Harm And Culpability (Clarendon Press 1995) Simester A and Von Hirsch A, Crimes, Harms, And Wrongs (Hart Pub 2011) Soble A, Legal Paternalism (1976) Turner P, 'Harm And MillS Harm Principle*' (2014) 124 Ethics Chisam (1963) 47 Cr App Rep Cousins [1982] QB Cross v Kirkby Hussain v Hussain 2010 EWCA Crim 94 [2010] EWCA Crim Hussey (1924) 18 Cr App Rep Oatridge (1991) 94 Cr App Rep Owino (1996) 2 Cr App Rep Reed v Wastie [1972] Crim LR Rose (1883) 15 Cox CC Rose (1883) 15 Cox CC. Hussey (1924) 18 Cr App Rep. Hussain v Hussain 2010 EWCA Crim 94 [2010] EWCA Crim. Cross v Kirkby. Reed v Wastie [1972] Crim LR. Oatridge (1991) 94 Cr App Rep. Cousins [1982] QB. Alan G Soble, Legal Paternalism (1976). Owino (1996) 2 Cr App Rep. A. P Simester and Andrew Von Hirsch, Crimes, Harms, And Wrongs (Hart Pub 2011). Piers Norris Turner, 'Harm And MillS Harm Principle*' (2014) 124 Ethics. Iwona Seredyska, Insider Dealing And Criminal Law (Springer 2011). Dennis J Baker, The Right Not To Be Criminalized (Ashgate 2011). Gerald Dworkin, 'HARM AND THE VOLENTI PRINCIPLE' (2011) 29 Social Philosophy and Policy. Deen K Chatterjee, Encyclopedia Of Global Justice (Springer 2011). Robert Hahn, Conduct And Constraints (Simon Schuster 1998). John D Hodson, The Ethics Of Legal Coercion (D Reidel Pub Co 1983). KEVIN T. POWELL, 'A Parent's Refusal And The Harm Principle' (2011) 45 Pediatric News. A. P Simester and A. T. H Smith, Harm And Culpability (Clarendon Press 1995). Nina PersÃÅ'Å’ak, Criminalising Harmful Conduct (Springer 2007). D. R. Knowles, 'A Reformulation Of The Harm Principle' (1978) 6 Political Theory. Huodong Li, Mill's Harm Principle As Social Justice (2004). William E. O'Brian, 'Distributive Justice And The Harm Principle' SSRN Electronic Journal. Thomas Sbirk Petersen, 'Being Worse Off: But In Comparison With What? On The Baseline Problem Of Harm And The Harm Principle' (2014) 20 Res Publica. Sheila McLean, First Do No Harm (Ashgate 2006).

Mr. Mongoose and Mrs. Hen free essay sample

James Berry, was born in Jamaica in, 1925, but moved to England, in 1948, he has helped create a new kind of poetry that draws on Caribbean idioms and experiences. His work is admired for its understanding towards West Indian and British cultures, and its original use of language. The story in hand talks about a hen who has just given birth to its newly born six little chicks, although we might think the story is happy at first, it spirals down to a depressing story when a mongoose comes and eats her six little chicks. When given advice by a ground-dove to go and present her case to court, she noticed that the whole court was full of mongooses, and so her case was dismissed due to the lack of evidence. Going home in a saddening defeat, she was stopped by four mongooses, one of which was her judge that day. The story ends with the hen being eaten by the four mongooses, ending her misery after living what no mother would think of enduring, which is the loss of her own babies to the hands of a criminal. We will write a custom essay sample on Mr. Mongoose and Mrs. Hen or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page I think that the moral of the story is that not all happy beginnings end in happy endings; there is always a chance that something might go wrong, and in this case the hen lost all of her childrens lives and hers because of a mongoose. he story reflects on racial discrimination around the world, because if we consider the mongooses as a majority population, such as white people, and the hen and the ground-dove both as minorities, for example black people and Arabs, and this started off since the discovery of America, when black people would be sought for slavery, and now where Arabs are thought to being terrorists because of 9/11, then the story could reflect as an act of racial discrimination where the white people dominate the minorities by executing them, or the mongooses could have been following the concept of since theyre of the same race then they should stick by each other. It could also reflect on sexism, since the hen and the ground-dove were both females and the mongooses were all males, then it would show how male dominance is achieved by lowering the perspective of what women are in societys of back in the early 1900s and earlier than that, where women were usually always home, never to actually leave their houses and serve their husbands until death. The characters of the story are: Mrs. Hen: Main character of the story, she is very naive and unintelligent because of her mistake of taking out her children after realizing that a predator was killing them for six times until the last one died. She also isn’t very witty because she went to the court without any evidence showing us that she is actually very unintelligent because of her lack of knowledge that she needs actual evidence to convict someone of a crime that he or she has committed. Mr. Mongoose: Another main character of the story, he is a very cunning, fast and intelligent predato r, he swiftly killed the family of Mrs. Hen counting on her dim-witted mind of making that fatal mistake and also counting on the court which contained nothing but mongooses. Mrs. Ground-dove: Secondary character that shared the same fate as Mrs. Hen, her family had been killed by Mr. Mongoose, and she tries her best to avoid him so she doesn’t get eaten by him and experience the same fate as Mrs. Hen. In my opinion, this story shows us many things of the modern world, such as racial discrimination, sexism, etc. and the story itself has a very vast, deeper and more significant meaning because of the use of Allegory in it. Although some people might not agree, the story is not a simple childrens story, a simple yet meaningful story about recent times. By, Mohamed Madkour

Free Essays on Postpartum Depression

In this paper I plan to discuss the types of depressions associated with postpartum depression listed in the article. I will use examples cited in the article. I will also include observations and information on depression obtained from the text book as well as the instructor. Postpartum depression is a mood disorder that can affect up to eighty percent of new mothers. It is a mild depression that new mothers can experience up to one year after giving birth. If left untreated it can have devastating effects on the mother, child and society. Even though a great deal of research has been done in this area, there is still no universal agreement on what causes it or how it should be treated. Usually, about three to four days after a new baby has arrived, there is an emotional let down which usually goes away in about two weeks. This is a normal result from having a child. The connection to the fetus is severed both emotionally and physically. There is a surge and drop in hormones which can cause a woman to be on an emotional roller coaster. This usually results in feelings of inadequacy as both a woman and mother. Loss of interest in normal day to day activity as well as impaired concentration and anxiety are present. A feeling of helplessness and constantly being lost is hard to get over. It is especially dangerous if underlying conditions were present beforehand. This can also have a triggering effect and lead to future types of illnesses. There is a medical distinction made between the diagnosis of postpartum depression and postpartum psychosis. There are some emotional reactions to a new mom that may signify depression; however it is not as severe as postpartum psychosis. For example, a mother might have wrong and potentially dangerous thoughts, but she will not act on them. She will be able to recognize the consequences.... Free Essays on Postpartum Depression Free Essays on Postpartum Depression Introduction What is Postpartum Depression Having a baby should be one of the happiest and most important events in a woman’s life. However, although life with a new baby can be both thrilling and rewarding, it can also be a difficult and quite stressful task. Most women make the transition without great difficulty, yet some women experience considerable complexity that may manifest itself as a postpartum psychiatric disorder (O’hara, Hoffman, Philips, which are known as baby blues, go away fairly quickly. But when they do not go away or rather they get worse, a woman may be experiencing the effects of postpartum depression (PPD). This is a serious condition that describes a range of physical and emotional changes and that requires prompt treatment from a health care provider. According to Mauthner, (1999) postpartum depression occurs when women are unable to experience, express and validate their feelings and needs within supportive, accepting and non-judgmental interpersonal relationships and cultural co ntexts. Postpartum psychiatric illness was initially characterized as a group of disorders specifically linked to pregnancy and childbirth and thus was considered diagnostically distinct from other types of psychiatric illness. It has long been thought that the postpartum period is a time of increased risk for the onset of psychiatric disorders and adjustment difficulties in women (Campbell & Cohn, 1991). The link between reproductive status and depressive illness is further evidenced by the high frequency of depression during the premenstrual phase, and the immediate postpartum period (Yonkers, 1995). As one of the major physical, psychological, ... Free Essays on Postpartum Depression In this paper I plan to discuss the types of depressions associated with postpartum depression listed in the article. I will use examples cited in the article. I will also include observations and information on depression obtained from the text book as well as the instructor. Postpartum depression is a mood disorder that can affect up to eighty percent of new mothers. It is a mild depression that new mothers can experience up to one year after giving birth. If left untreated it can have devastating effects on the mother, child and society. Even though a great deal of research has been done in this area, there is still no universal agreement on what causes it or how it should be treated. Usually, about three to four days after a new baby has arrived, there is an emotional let down which usually goes away in about two weeks. This is a normal result from having a child. The connection to the fetus is severed both emotionally and physically. There is a surge and drop in hormones which can cause a woman to be on an emotional roller coaster. This usually results in feelings of inadequacy as both a woman and mother. Loss of interest in normal day to day activity as well as impaired concentration and anxiety are present. A feeling of helplessness and constantly being lost is hard to get over. It is especially dangerous if underlying conditions were present beforehand. This can also have a triggering effect and lead to future types of illnesses. There is a medical distinction made between the diagnosis of postpartum depression and postpartum psychosis. There are some emotional reactions to a new mom that may signify depression; however it is not as severe as postpartum psychosis. For example, a mother might have wrong and potentially dangerous thoughts, but she will not act on them. She will be able to recognize the consequences....

How to Pass the ACT Expert Guide

How to Pass the ACT Expert Guide SAT / ACT Prep Online Guides and Tips There’s so much info out there about doing well on the ACT - a lot of it is really helpful when it comes to preparing for the test! But this onslaught of information can get pretty overwhelming, especially when you just want a simple answer to a simple question: how do you pass the ACT? What Does It Mean to â€Å"Pass† the ACT? On this test, there’s only a range of possible scores - what constitutes an excellent, poor, or average score will depend heavily on your frame of reference. Ultimately, what defines a passing ACT score is thatit’s high enough to get you into the colleges you’re applying to. This obviously varies widely by student. Your ACT score doesn’t have to be perfect for you to â€Å"pass† (although it never, ever hurts to bring up your score) - it just has to be good enough. Now, this gets a bit complicated because your ACT score is not the only part of your college applications. If your ACT score is particularly low, however, college admissions officers may have higher expectations for other parts of your app (e.g. GPA, extracurriculars). If your score is low enough, your application may get tossed out even if the rest of your app is strong. For the sake of this post, then, I’m going to define a â€Å"passing† ACT score as one that won’t get your application tossed out. Ideally, however, your ACT score will be one that helps (instead of hurts) your college applications. Keep reading to learn more about how to figure out these score benchmarks for yourself. How to Set an ACT Goal Score Before you learnhow to pass the ACT, you have to figure out what passing means for you. This requiresa bit of legwork: namely, researching what ACT scores are correlated with acceptance at the schools you’re interested in. Here’s how you do it: Make a Preliminary List of Schools This doesn’t have to be a final, polished list, but 8-10 schools you’re interested in is a good place to start. Try to select mostly â€Å"target† schools - colleges where you think you’d have a fairly good chance of getting in. You can include 2-3 â€Å"safety† schools and 2-3 â€Å"reach† schools as well, as long as you maintain balance here. Too many safety schools and you might set a target score that’s too low. Too many reach schools and you might set a target score that’s unreasonably, and discouragingly, high. The first time you do this, you may not have a good idea of what schools you’d identify as reach, target, and safety. That’s ok! In fact, it’s kind of the point of this exercise. You can repeat it as many times as necessary throughout the college process, adjusting your list of schools as you go. Look Up Each School’s ACT Info Start by Googling â€Å"PrepScholar [name of school] ACT score.† The first non-ad link that comes up should be the one you want - see below for an example. The first search result here is the one you want. The page will have the average ACT score and the 25th/75th percentile scores for students accepted to that particular school. Take down these numbers for each school. 25th percentile score = 25% of students at the school have an ACT score at or below that number 75th percentile score = 75% of students at the school have an ACT score at or below that number Students with 75th percentile scores or above for a particular school usually have a good shot at getting in, barring any weaknesses or issues with other parts of their application. Students with 25th percentile scores or below usually have other strong application components (e.g. high GPA, great essays) to boost their chances. Set Your Benchmark â€Å"Passing† Score This step is perhaps a bit more subjective, so I’ll be as transparent here as possible. If you want to come to a passing ACT score, you’ll want to look at a school’s 25th percentile ACT scores. This is far from a safe bet, however - your chances of getting in will heavily depend on the strength of the rest of your application if your ACT score is at or around the 25th percentile. If your GPA is lower than average for a particular school, for example, your ACT score would have to be higher in order to make up for it. I think that the best target (read: ideal) ACT score lies at a school’s 75th percentile score. The 75th percentile is a sweet spot because you’d be more competitive (in terms of ACT scores) than  ¾ of students who are accepted to the school. If your typical ACT score is higher than the 75th percentile score, you might want to consider looking at more competitive schools - you want to aim as high as you reasonably can here (more competitive schools often mean better reputations, which tend to lead to better outcomes). Here’s how to set both ideal and â€Å"passing† ACT score benchmarks for yourself: Take the averages of the scores you collected for each school. First the average of the 25th percentile scores, then the average of the 75th percentile scores. The 25th percentile average is your â€Å"passing† goal score - the minimum you should be aiming for. The 75th percentile score is your target score - the score that has a great chance of getting you accepted to the colleges on your list. What If You’re Worried About Reaching Your Target Score, or Even Your Passing Score? Perhaps these scores you’ve calculated seem higher than you would have expected. If your passing score in particular seems intimidatingly high, there are a few things to keep in mind: Remember that your target score (75th percentile average) is an ideal goal. It’s supposed to be higher than what you’re scoring now (or maybe even what you think you can score). If the 25th percentile benchmark seems too high, consider re-evaluating your list of schools. You might want to look at colleges that are slightly less competitive. Conversely, if you’re already at or above that 75th percentile mark, consider looking at more competitive colleges. Strategies for Passing the ACT I’m going to split this section up into two parts meant for two different types of students: low-scorers and high-scorers. Here, I’m defining score parameters by the national performance standards: high scorers are at about 24 and above (75th percentile nationally), whereas low scorers are at about 16 and below (25th percentile nationally). If your performance is closer to the average (20), check out both sections and follow steps that you find most useful. Your best plan from here will depend on both where you are and where you want to be. How to Pass the ACT: Guidance for Low Scorers One problem that a lot of low-scorers have is that they’re unsure of how to focus their time and energy when studying. Understanding your weaknesses is the first and most important step to tackling ACT prep. The biggest issue for low scorers is often significant gaps in content knowledge, so identifying and filling these gaps is typically a priority for ACT prep. Other mistakes may be due to: Running out of time Misunderstanding the question Running out of time Careless errors So how do you go about identifying where your issues are before taking steps to improve on them? First, you’ll have to invest some time in some serious self-analysis involving a baseline score. You can’t focus on improving before figuring out where you need to improve. Here are best practices for getting a solid baseline and gaining info on your weaknesses: Take a full, timed, diagnostic practice test Take note of which questions you got incorrect Tally the reasons for each incorrect question: Content Gap: Did you not have the information you needed to answer correctly? Timing Issue: Would you have gotten the question correct if you hadn’t run out of time? Question Misunderstanding: Would you have gotten the question correct if the question had been more clear? Careless Error: Would you have gotten the question correct if you had spent an extra couple of seconds checking your work? If you find that content knowledge is your biggest problem, you’ll want to turn to your class notes, textbooks, and ACT prep books for review - not just ACT practice materials. We also have a bunch of ACT content guides to get you started: Ultimate ACT English Study Guide Ultimate ACT Science Study Guide Ultimate ACT Math Study Guide Complete Guide to ACT Writing Once you’ve conquered major content problems, you can hone in on specific content areas and work on careless errors and timing issues. You’ll find tips for addressing those problems in the next section. How to Pass the ACT: Guidance for High Scorers If you’re a relatively high scorer, you probably have a general idea of where your major strengths and weaknesses are on the ACT. You’re likely pretty strong on content overall, unlike the typical low scorer. High scorers usually lose points due to three issues: Carelessness: loss of focus leading to silly mistakes Timing problems: you simply run out of time to give each question its due Content gaps: small areas of knowledge that you haven’t mastered 100% If you want to get close to that ideal score, you’ll want to attack each of these potential issues. I’ll address each of these problems in this section, but you may want to check out our detailed guide for high scorers for more info. Carelessness It’s pretty easy to identify a question you’ve missed due to carelessness. You get that horrible feeling when you recognize that you would have gotten the question right, if only you’d paid a tiny bit more attention. Careless mistakes often occur when students aren’t actively reading. Start focusing your attention with these tips: Double-read each question and underline important words. Take notes on passages. In the math section, mark up diagrams with important info and write out your arithmetic. Double- check your answer before marking it down. Timing Issues Running out of time at the end of sections? First, spend less time on easy questions - just keep an eye out for those careless errors. Next, skip tough questions and come back to them later. This doesn’t mean you shouldn’t guess if you’re out of time (there’s no guessing penalty, so you should definitely guess). If you’ve still got plenty of time to work through the section, though, mark the problem question and come back to it later. Timing issues can stress out pretty much everyone, but with practice, you can learn to overcome them. Filling in Content Gaps Your first task here is identifying which questions you get wrong in your practice, and more importantly, why you get them wrong. This means going over all your mistakes after each practice session. Keep a careful tally of each content area every time you identify an error (hint: most content errors happen on the math section). Use your class notes, textbooks, or reliable ACT prep book to review this content. Come back and do more practice problems in this area until you’re confident in your understanding. What You Must Remember About How to Pass the ACT There might not be an official ACT passing score, but that somehow seems to make things more complicated. What you might consider passing will depend on the sorts of schools you hope to get into, but I hope you think more in terms of target or goal scores than just â€Å"good enough† scores. If you’re worried that your ACT scores aren’t up to par, don’t worry just yet - there are tons of things you can do to bring them up, no matter where you might be on the percentile charts. What matters most when setting a passing score are the goals you set for yourself. What’s Next? There are a lot of helpful materials available if you’re worried about â€Å"passing† the ACT. For an overview, read our guide with the four best tips for studying for the test. If you need a fun, refreshing way to study, learn about the five best ACT prep games. Maybe you’re looking for more detailed information. If that’s the case, check out our 10-step ACT study plan. Want to improve your ACT score by 4 points? Check out our best-in-class online ACT prep program. We guarantee your money back if you don't improve your ACT score by 4 points or more. Our program is entirely online, and it customizes your prep program to your strengths and weaknesses. We also have expert instructors who can grade every one of your practice ACT essays, giving feedback on how to improve your score. Check out our 5-day free trial:

HRM in International Context Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2750 words

HRM in International Context - Essay Example This research will begin with the statement that the human resource department is of colossal importance with regards to sustaining the competitive advantage in any company. This paper will look at the best possible hiring method and selection in regards to the deployment procedures of international expansion of a company where an HR manager has to be hired. The best policy will be analyzed so that the optimal results can be experienced. The international HR manager will have a diverse range of activities from hiring to interacting with people at larger levels. Any kind of loopholes in this domain can cost the company a lot of monetary damage thus different criteria will be discussed. Risks in this process and their solutions will also be discussed. The key requirements of the job is to uphold the company work objectives and this requirement is perfectly in demand of the staffing policy which will make sure that the true potential of the company in terms of performance, results and s ervices is deployed. Any business or company that is looking to expand globally cannot sustain growth rate without optimal staffing strategies in the international context. In the given scenario, there can be a lot of options for the staffing policy and it is dependent on different volatile variables but keeping in view the company demands and international canvas setups, ethnocentric staffing policy will be best to adopt while hiring international HR manager. Ethnocentric staffing policy argues to hire the individuals from the company with the intention of transferring the core competencies beyond the borders. In this approach, the intent is to hire an individual from the parent country which is the baseline of the company and headquarters. All the services, instructions and process of the HR related activates takes place from the parent-oriented culture. Another staffing policy that can be best used in this case is geocentric in which there is an increased canvas of scope and the organizational hierarchy can hire best human resource irrespective of their location and nationality. This staffing policy promises the best results because this policy is feasible and prone to changes in terms of adaptability. In this policy, translational strategies must be inculcated because the need of both global integration and local responsiveness is very high.

Roles of the Medieval Queen Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words - 2

Roles of the Medieval Queen - Assignment Example Regent Queens participated in the feudal assemblies of the kings together with some of the vassals (Shahar 146). In addition, they also made judgments in their area of governance and discussed both economic and political issues. Various conditions certified a medieval queen role during the period the fall of the Roman Empire end (476 AD) and approximately (1500 AD). The specific conditions included being a king’s wife, the position of a retired queen and as an heiress with specific birthrights. Additionally, the one would ascend to the position of medieval ruler given the relationship with the king and his advisers. A queen or empress consort was a wife to a reigning emperor or king. A queen consort shared the king’s social status and rank, which allowed her to exercise feminine powers over servants in the palace. She supervised the servants to ensure that they performed their chores (Shahar 151). The consort queen also had a role in a dowry to the king and, acting as his helpmate. A consort queen would also play a part in the church by raising money to build them. A consort queen also motivated church reforms and gave moral support to people in the kingdom. However, the roles of a queen consort in the kingdom were limited because she did not usually share king’s full Regent military and political powers (Lecture notes). A Queen Regent was a monarch who ruled a kingdom in her rights. She was not a wife to the king. The Queen Regent acquired and exercised sovereign powers over the Kingdoms she inherited from the previous king (lecture notes). She ordered the military, got into negot iations and partook agreements with other kingdoms as she deemed fit. The Queen also took charge of the throne through primogeniture. As the firstborn daughter without brothers in the royal family, she had rights to inherit the kingdom from her parents. For instance, Queen Melisende born in 1105 acquired the kingdom of Jerusalem from her father, King Baldwin II, during her early 20s.   The queen died in the year 1161 at the age of sixty years after serving on behalf of her father.

Johnson & Johnson Essay Example for Free

Johnson Johnson Essay The situation of Johnson and Johnson ethics came about in October 1982, Tylenol, a leading pain killer in medicine in the United States of America. At that particular time the company faced a tremendous crisis of seven persons reported dead in Chicago after taking the extra strength Tylenol capsules. After wards it was reported that the an unknown person suspects put 65 milligram strength of deadly cyanide into the Tylenol capsules, 10000 more than that what is required to kill a human being. It was the most important issue of this case. (Wolnik, 1984). This particular situation occurred at the time the product reached the shelves. The medicines are removed from the shelves infected with deadly strength cyanide and exactly kept in the same shelves, so that no one can able to understand. The whole thing went wrong from there itself . It badly affected the company because Tylenol controlled 37% of its share with revenue of about $1. 2 million. Immediately after this cyanide poisonings Tylenol market share went down to seven percent. (Fearn-Banks, 2007) The three ethical important issues that the company has taken is that of (a) had to make a decision to create an awareness by public announcement about the consumption of the product. Also the Johnson and Johnson company was faced with the dilemma of the best way to deal with the problem without destroying the reputation of the company and its most profitable product. The very important decision was taken by the company is that they a step of protecting the people first, and (B) second, McNeil consumer products, as subsidiary of Johnson and Johnson immediately conducted a product recall from the entire country which amounted to about a loss of $100 million dollars and 31 million bottles . Also they have halted all the advertisement of the product. But it was sure that the Johnson and Johnson company was not responsible for the tampering of the product they assumed responsibility by ensuring public safety first and recalled all of their capsules from the market. (c) In fact, in February of 1986, when a woman was reported dead from cyanide poisoning in Tylenol capsules, Johnson Johnson permanently removed all of the capsules from the market. Based on the ethical (fair) issues, what are the principal realistic (sensible) options available to the decision makers? The principal realistic options available to the decision makers is to re- introduce the product into the market by applying the ideas that are listed below, First, the product was removed from the market and the Johnson and Johnson company had to come up with a campaign to re introduce the product and bring back the confidence back to the consumers and as well as to the doctors. Second, Tylenol products were re-introduced containing a triple-seal tamper resistant packaging. It became the first company to comply with the Food and Drug Administration mandate of tamper-resistant packaging. Furthermore, they promoted caplets, which are more resistant to tampering. Third, In order to motivate consumers to buy the product, they offered a $2. 50 off coupon on the purchase of their product. They were available in the newspapers as well as by calling a toll-free number. Fourth, to recover loss stock from the crisis, Johnson Johnson made a new pricing program that gave consumers up to 25% off the purchase of the product. (Mitchell 1989). Fifth, Over 2250 sales people made presentations for the medical community to restore confidence on the product. (Fearn-Banks, 2007) Finally the considered judgment that has taken by the Tylenol Company is the best because it has the reason Tylenol reacted so quickly and in such a positive manner to the crisis stems from the companys mission statement. On the companys credo written in the mid-1940s by Robert Wood Johnson, he stated that the companys responsibilities were to the consumers and medical professionals using its products, employees, the communities where its people work and live, and its stockholders. Therefore, it was essential to maintain the safety of its publics to maintain the company alive. Johnson Johnsons responsibility to its publics first proved to be its most efficient public relations tool. It was the key to the brands survival. (Wolnik, 1984) In my opinion the ethical priorities and the right commitments of the organization are discussed below: 1. A system has to prepare that will allow to respond to the emergency- Although emergencies are unexpected by nature, and one can make a list of the predicted problems and implement a plan to possibly deal with them. For example, a good idea is to hold a brainstorming session with influential members of the organization to identify events that might bring unfavorable publicity. 2. A policy has to develop by each company that they should have a set of policies or guidelines to deal with emergencies. When asked by the media what the companys policies are about a certain situation, your spokesperson should be able to answer firmly. This assures the public that the companys employees are reliable and knowledgeable. 3. It is always necessary to create a crisis management team that will assign certain individuals to be fully knowledgeable about the companys policies and who are efficient in problem solving to deal with emergencies. The right commitment will be to appoint a team leader, a spokesperson to deal with the media, team members to deal with the victims and emergency officials, and others to guide the staff and volunteers. 4. To assemble and to organize resources one should make sure to have up-to-date information to be able to react immediately without having to do extensive research. The resources include: lists of contacts for team members, volunteers, staff, as well as emergency officials such as police, hospitals and the fire department. (Baum, 1996) 5. TO analyze the situation and gather all the facts the safety and the security have been restored, to gather the information of the incident and begin thinking of a solution to the problem. It is not necessary to blow the problem out of proportion before gathering all the facts. 6. It is required to assign the team member to personally and kindly contact the families of those involved to inform them about the situation. 7. Communicate with the media: The only way for your affected publics to be informed is by watching or listening to the media. Therefore, it is your duty to inform the media outlets as soon as possible about the situation. The above few points according to me are the right choice to boost the right commitment of the organization. References: Baum, Neil Zablocki, Elaine; 1996; Take Charge of Your Medical Practice Before Someone Else Does it for You ; Jones Bartlett Fearn-Banks, Kathleen; 2007; Crisis Communications: A Casebook Approach; Routledge Wolnik KA, Fricke FL, Bonnin E, Gaston CM, Satzger RD. 1984. The Tylenol tampering incidenttracing the source. Anal Chem; 56:466A-8A, 470A, 474A.

Woodstock 1969 :: essays research papers

When the word "Woodstock" is mentioned, what do you think of? Perhaps you think of the little yellow bird from the Peanuts cartoons, or maybe you think of a small town in New York. However, you also might know that Woodstock was the largest and most famous of all rock festivals. The Woodstock Music & Art Festival took place on Friday, Saturday, and Sunday, August 15th, 16th, and 17th, 1969. As you can imagine, a concert like Woodstock would have had to be planned very carefully. It didn’t just happen. Four young partners Michael Lang, the manager of a rock band, Artie Kornfeld, and executive of Capital Records, and two venture capitalists, John Roberts and Joel Rosenman, created Woodstock. Their original plan had been to build a recording studio in Woodstock, a small town in the Catskill Mountains, which had become a rock center. To promote the idea of the studio, the four partners decided to stage a concert, which they called Woodstock. Naming it after the town in which it was originally going to take place in. It started out as a moneymaking venture a rock concert, pure and simple. An attempt to duplicate or maybe even surpass the success of Monterey Pop, which attracted 50,000 people two years earlier. The Woodstock Festival was expected to attract 50,000 to 100,000 people. In the town of Woodstock, local residents became fearful about the possibility of a hippie invasion. The location was changed from the village of Woodstock, to the town of Wallkill, then finally to a farm at White Lake in the town of Bethel. The name was retained. They rented a 70 acre field from a prominent local dairy farmer, Max Yasgur, who owned land about 48 miles from Woodstock, in Bethel. Days before the festival, Upstate New York was ready. The city, county and state officials knew what to expect, and felt confident in their abilities to handle traffic, crowd control, sanitation, medical emergencies, and any unexpected problems. Finally, the day before the official opening, traffic jams up to 20 miles long blocked most roads leading to the area. On August 15th, the first day, the management was unable to monitor the estimated 400,000 or more people, and decided to abandon attempts at ticket taking because hundreds of thousands of people simply climbed over fences. For three days, the small town of Bethel, was the state’s third-largest city, with an estimated population range between 300,000 and 400,000 people.

Canadian Club Whisky Marketing Portfolio

MKTG 111 Group Portfolio Assignment Canadian Club Whisky December 9, 2011 Table of Contents Introduction3 Overview3 Strategic Analysis4 Recommendations5 Competitive Analysis8 Target Market Analysis9 Positioning Statement and Positioning Map10 Marketing Communications Analysis15 SWOT Analysis17 Bibliography18 Introduction The popularity and worldwide success of Canadian Club can be attributed to more than just its great flavour. Review of key marketing components has given an all around understanding of the thought process involved in ensuring the success of this company.These components include, the analysis of the product, pricing, competition, target market, position within the market, distribution, marketing communications, strengths, weaknesses, opportunities, and threats (SWOT). Overview Overall, Canadian Club’s marketing operation is effective, drawing from its classic image. The product’s target market is primarily males, aged 25-35, living in urbanized regions, with an $80,000 to $100,000 salary. Canadian Club offers a smooth taste with the industry standard potency in comparison to its competitors. The product is priced slightly below average at $24. 0 for 26 oz (LCBO, 2011). In Canada, it is mainly distributed through Crown corporations and is available at any licensed establishment, along with its competitors. Canadian Club has promoted itself as a classic beverage for mature, yet adventurous adults and has focused a great deal of attention on its unique history, in advertising and promotions. The marketing efforts of Canadian Club are unique to their competitors and have resulted in world records, including the world’s longest running international advertising campaign, and the world’s longest running promotion (Canadian Club, 2011) (Hide-A-Case, 2011).As a result of this, Canadian Club has seen an increase in sales and attention in the media. Strategic Analysis The face of Canadian Club has changed drastically over the p ast number of decades. It has fallen from its position as premium liquor to a cheaper alternative. The distribution of Canadian Club does not differentiate from its competitors due to legal restrictions and is available anywhere that liquor is sold in Canada. What sets Canadian Club apart from its competitors, however, is the price. Canadian Club is of high quality, yet their prices are set low.This gives the impression that it is of poor quality, which is damaging to the brand. Whiskies like Jack Daniels and Jameson have been successful with marketing their brands as the â€Å"cool† whiskies. Jack Daniels gained popularity after it became the drink of choice by the men of HBO’s Entourage, a show that depicts the glamourous lives of current celebrities. Canadian Club is beginning to see a comeback as a result of their sponsorship with motorsport events and illuminating their history as the whisky of choice in the 1920’s (Canadian Club, 2011).In addition to this, Canadian Club has also had the world’s longest running international advertising campaign (â€Å"The Adventure Series†) as well as the world’s longest running promotion (â€Å"Hide-A-Case†), which make their marketing efforts unique to their competitors (Canadian Club, 2011). Recommendations Canadian Club is on the right track with their recent work, highlighting their history. With television shows like Boardwalk Empire and Mad Men (both of which have promoted Canadian Club), past era themes are at the height of their popularity.This promotion can spark a new interest in people seek a similar image of old-time class (Kent, A, 2011). In the â€Å"Damn Right, Your Dad Drank It† Campaign, Canadian Club has promoted the whisky as the preferred drink to the consumers’ fathers. This promotion was very successful in bringing Canadian Club back into the spotlight in advertising. On the whole, their approach to bringing â€Å"old-school† bac k, has proven to be very successful and should be continued (Damn Right, 2009). Originally marketed as a premium liquor, Canadian Club now sets their pricing below average of liquor industry.In taste tests, Canadian Club has surpassed competitors like Crown Royal and Jack Daniels and its price should reflect this. By Marking up its price from $23. 40 for a 26 oz bottle to approximately $30. 00, consumers will observe Canadian Club to be of higher quality and value. It is highly recommended that nothing be changed about the product itself. In order to maintain its classic status, the bottle, labeling, flavour, and production process should remain true to its original state. Changing the bottle and labeling of Canadian Club may also result in being poorly received by current customers and Canadian Club may lose sales.As a result of strict Canadian liquor distribution laws, there is very little that can be done or can be recommended in terms of determining the placement of Canadian Clu b. Canadian Club is available in any licensed store and most bars across Canada (LCBO, 2011). To establish a future customer base, creating and promoting a unique new cocktail menu featuring Canadian Club as the cocktail base would be effective. There have been many Boardwalk Empire inspired cocktails created with Canadian Club Whisky, that can be made up into a small booklet, sold with a 26 oz bottle of Canadian Club.Some of these drinks include the Boardwalk Manhattan, the Tea-Totaller Teaser, and the Top Hat (Loughlin, C, 2010). Teaming up Canadian Club and HBO’s Boardwalk Empire with a new contest promotion would work beneficially for both parties. A four-day trip to Atlantic City, the setting of Boardwalk Empire, as well as the location where Canadian Club was smuggled into America during Prohibition would be an excellent promotion. This would encourage fans of both, the television show and the whisky, to participate, while also reaching out to potential customers.While it is common to find winter bundles, Canadian Club should make summer themed bundles as a way of promoting it as more than just a â€Å"cold weather† beverage. With new mixed drinks that are incorporating Canadian Club, it is recommended that they create bundles that include merchandise like t-shirts, baseball hats, and aviator-style sunglasses. Canadian Club has been granted royal warrants of Queen Victoria, King Edward VII, King George V, King George VI, and Queen Elizabeth II (Canadian Club, 2011). Creating an advertising campaign, reflecting on this would be effective.The campaign could go in one of many directions. For example, they might choose to use classic imaged with Canadian Club bottles superimposed nearby, or by using attractive, royal-themed artwork, depicting Canadian Club as a drink fit for royalty. Canadian Club has received a great deal of attention from their unique and long-running Hide-A-Case promotion. With still a number of cases that have been hidden a round the world, still unfound, there should be more marketing efforts to draw attention to this with more clues, and possibly, additional hidden cases. Competitive Analysis Target Market AnalysisTarget Market Profile| Categories| Variables| Typical Breakdowns| Geographics| Region| Ontario, British Columbia| | City or census metropolitan area (CMA) size| 1,000,000-4,000,000| | Density| Urban| | Climate| Cold, warm| Demographics| Age| 25-35| | Gender| Male| | Family size| 1-2, 3-4| | Stage of family life cycle| Adult single, adult married, no children, young children| | Income| $80,000-$100,000| | Occupation| Professional, managerial| | Education| College/university graduate| | Ethnic background| Caucasian, Asian, African-American, Hispanic| | Home ownership| Own home, rent home|Psychographics| Personality| Adventurous, mature, extraverted| | Lifestyle (Goldfarb Segments)| Fun, social, easy-going, friendly| Behaviouristics| Benefits sought| Entertainment, relaxation, socialization| | Usage rate| Medium user| | User status| Regular user| | Loyalty status| Medium-strong| Positioning Statement and Positioning Map Canadian Club Whisky is positioned in the alcoholic beverage market as smooth, pure, high quality whisky. This product is ideal for those who enjoy an adventurous and sociable lifestyle. It focuses on its revolutionary length of aging, bringing a higher quality of whisky. | | | | | | | | | | | Potent| | | | | |   | | | | | | |   | | | | | | | | | | | | | |   | | | | | | |   | | | | | Smooth|   |   |   |   | Harsh| | | |   | | | | | | |   | | | | | | |   | | | | | | |   | | | | | | ? |   | | | | | | |   | | | | | | | Weak| | | | | | | | | | | ?| Canadian Club Whisky| | | | ?| Jameson Irish Whiskey| | | | ?| Crown Royal Whisky| | | | ?| Jack Daniel's Tennessee Whisky| | | | ?| Smirnoff Vodka| | | | ?| Budweiser Lager| | | | Product Analysis Core product| Actual product| Augmented product| * The consumer may experience a feeli ng of relaxation and excitement, which creates an atmosphere of enjoyment. * A branded product; a liquid beverage within a bottle, covered with a label. | * Able to be exchanged bottle for a recycling refund. | Pricing Analysis Pricing Strategy Price: $24. 40 750 ml bottle Demand-Oriented Pricing Bundle – For seasonal holidays, Canadian Club sells bottles bundled with rock glasses for a higher price than a regular bottle, however the glasses offer a greater value to the bundle. Penetration – The average price of a 750 ml bottle of spirits is $26. 00. Canadian Club is sold at a cheaper rate to be more appealing to consumers. Competition-Oriented PricingBelow Market – Most spirits are sold for a higher price than Canadian Club. This gives Canadian Club an edge against the competition. Competitive Pricing Analysis | Canadian Club| Jameson| Jack Daniels| Crown Royal| Smirnoff| Budweiser| LCBO| 24. 40| 30. 30| 29. 85| 34. 45| 24. 45| 23. 50| SAQ| 21. 99| 30. 25| 29. 99| 29. 99| 23. 25| 22. 50| Liquor Mart| 24. 99| 27. 85| 27. 25| 26. 99| 22. 99| 22. 32| BC Liquor| 23. 75| 32. 99| 29. 99| 27. 99| 24. 99| 27. 29| NSLC| 26. 98| 30. 99| 29. 99| 29. 99| 26. 98| 25. 79| Liquor World| 23. 85| 32. 95| 27. 25| 34. 85| 22. 95| 23. 85|Distribution Analysis Distribution Strategy Canadian Club is distributed in all provinces/territories exclusively. This is due to strict laws set out provincially that control the sale and distribution of alcoholic beverages. Most provinces and territories have kept total or near-total control over the sale of liquor. Quebec and Alberta have managed their own municipal liquor stores, yet have allowed liquor sales in some retail stores. Distribution Channels Government-Owned Liquor Store (LCBO) Producer (Beam Inc. ) Producer (Beam Inc. ) Consumer Consumer Retailer (LCBO) Retailer (LCBO)The most popular distribution channel in Canada is the number of government-owned liquor stores, province-to-province. Few provinces have alte rnative channels for distributing hard liquor. Because this channel is strictly controlled by the government, the product goes directly into the retail stores from the producer. It is then available to the consumer. This retail store also acts a wholesaler to private retailers and businesses. Private Liquor Store (Liquor Mart) Producer (Beam Inc. ) Producer (Beam Inc. ) Wholesaler Wholesaler Very few private liquor stores are in operation in Canada. The liquor goes rom the producer to the wholesaler which is also the government-owned retail stores like LCBO. The private retailer must purchase their liquor from their provincial liquor wholesaler for resale to the consumer. Private retailer Private retailer Consumer Consumer Private Online Retailer (Whisky Exchange) Wholesaler Wholesaler Producer (Beam Inc. ) Producer (Beam Inc. ) Similar to private retail stores, online stores must go through the same distribution process. This means purchasing from the government-controlled wholesal er before direct resale to the consumer online. Online retail Online retail ConsumerConsumer Private Business (Fox and the Fiddle Pub) Producer (Beam Inc. ) Producer (Beam Inc. ) Government-controlled retail Government-controlled retail The distribution of Canadian Club to business is strictly controlled by the government. As such, businesses are only entitled to purchase their liquor from government-controlled retailers. Industrial user Industrial user Marketing Communications Analysis Public Relations The public relations in The Canadian Club Whisky is approached in a variety of ways. For example the fourth season premiere of  Mad Man  was the first episode that involved Canadian Club whiskey.Cumulative results of that product placement across the season: * Overall Placement Value: $495,200Audience * Reach: 13,755,960 * Overall Audience Retention: 8,671,500 * Positive Feeling from Placement: 933,984 * Influence to Purchase from Viewing: 36,040 They also hold special events suc h as Canadian Club ® Whisky Historic Treasure Hunt; where truly unique treasure hunts, starting in Windsor, Canada at the Canadian Club Heritage Centre, participants will learn more about Canadian Club's rich heritage and could possibly win $100,000.The last method they use is through their website at www. thecanadianclubwhisky. com , where show you the history behind and all there advertisement. Advertising Canadian Club has multiple advertising tools that are used to promote their product. Canadian Club is advertised in a number of ways on television. This includes television commercial advertisements, occasionally running them in movie theatre previews and product placement in hit series like Mad Men and Boardwalk Empire. Magazine advertisements are used as well as posters in subways and billboards.Canadian Club is also connected on online social networking sites such as Facebook and Twitter to allow people to hear news about the product and also voice their opinion. Canadian C lub is also involved in motorsport sponsorship including the Molson Indy, which allows the brand name to get out to thousands of spectators. Advertising is also seen in private business to which Canadian Club gives free merchandise. This merchandise includes coasters, shot glasses, shot glass pads, matts, signs, and clothing.Direct Response Canadian Club sends out sales representatives to bars and clubs in order to promote their product as well as convince the bar/club owner make a purchase or continue purchasing from Canadian Club. The LCBO offers catalogues, based on the season, which establishes a link between the consumer and Canadian Club. On the Canadian Club website, they have a micro-site that divulges their history during Prohibition in connection with the currently airing hit tv-show Boardwalk Empire.On the website, they provide links to cocktails a consumer may make using Canadian Club, educational videos, as well as photos of some of the most prominent Prohibition player s. Sales Promotion Canadian Club received its first royal patronage from Queen Victoria and her husband Prince Albert. Canadian Club has a micro-site that educates customers on its role during the Prohibition. Canadian Club also sponsors F1 driving. Starting in 1967, Canadian Club held a promotion that included hiding cases of Canadian Club all over the world.The public were given clues and to this day, still three cases remain unfound, one being in the North Pole. Location of Factor| TYPE OF FACTOR| | Favourable| Unfavourable| Internal| Strengths * Prominent brand awareness in over 150 countries * Bartenders have been using CC in their drinks since its early years * Legendary, smooth flavor * Flavours are flexible and vary for different preferred tastes| Weaknesses * Price of product(s) may be more than that of competing companies * Monopolies may create high barriers that are hard to overcome, for new companies/products wishing to enter a market (ie.Expanding) * Indirect competiti on from other companies that sell other alcoholic products may take away consumers | External| Opportunities * Growing demand for new flavours and/or access to the brand in more countries around the world * Increasing demand for Whiskey over other alcoholic beverages due to changes in preferences (socio-cultural forces)| Threats * Cheaper products with a similar taste to that of CC * Competition with other alcoholic beverages * Socio-cultural forces may influence consumer preferences| SWOT AnalysisBibliography Official Canadian Club Website. (2011). Canadian Club Import Company. Deerfield, IL. Retrieved December 8, 2011, from www. canadianclubwhisky. com LCBO Retail Website. (2011). Liquor Control Board of Ontario. Retrieved December 8, 2011, from www. lcbo. com Hide-A-Case. (2011). Canadian Club Import Company. Deerfield, IL. Retrieved on December 8, 2011, from www. hideacase. com Canadian Club – Damn Right. (2009). The Arf. Retrieved on December 8, 2011, from http://thearf- org-aux-assets. s3. amazonaws. om/ogilvy/cs/Ogilvy-09-CS-CanadianClubWhisky. pdf Kent, A. (2011, April). Canadian Club – The Unofficial Whisky of Prohibition. Good Food Revolution. Retrieved on December 8, 2011, from www. goodfoodrevolution. wordpress. com/2011/04/19/canadian-club-the-unofficial-whisky-of-prohibition/ Loughlin, C. (2010). Explore Prohibition Cocktails with Canadian Club & Boardwalk Empire. The Intoxicologist. Retrieved on December 8, 2011, from www. intoxicologist. net/2010/10/exploring-prohibition-with-canadian-club-cockt

Skeletal Survey

Skeletal survey is a consistently apply series of radiographic images that include the entire skeleton or those anatomical areas suitable for clinical indicators (The Americana College of radiography, 2014). Moreover, it using x-ray beam that pass through the patient electromagnetically to capture and take many x-ray images of body from the skull to feet (Adam ,2017). In addition, radiography skeletal survey are necessary in many clinical conditions such as , Skeletal dysplasia's, disseminated infections, metastatic bone disease, multiple myeloma, suspected child abuse and many other pathologies in pediatric. The most common indication of it is child abuse. According to centers for disease control and prevention (2009), child abuse is any act or series of act or neglect from the parent or other care provider that harm the child. Child abuse is one of the common problem which can find in the social and ethnic borders. For instant, in 1993, US the third National Incidence Study of Child Abused shown that approximately 1,553,800 children in United States were abused. Therefore skeletal surveys are applied to determine the physical injuries in children according to specific guidelines. Furthermore, the skeletal survey performed on suspected abuse to provide enough anatomic detailed to image the skeleton of them or any young patients. However, there are special stander that published by American college of radiology that mention there were special film cassettes and intensifying screens to reduce the radiation exposure and they mention that low dose enough for chest and abdomen however its insufficient in some part like rib, metaphysical and other high specific injuries. Also it should provide without an anti scatter grid and faster general for especially thicker part. Nowadays, digital or computed radiography are used in most hospitals for pediatric imaging. DR and CR produce high quality image as it replace the traditional film/screen imaging. DR produce high quality image because it is lower in spatial resolution tan traditional film/screen imaging. Also the ability of doing post processing provide the ability to modify the image to avoid repeating the examinations and provide the ability to compare in diagnostic performance for skeletal imaging. Moreover, it provides the ability to select low exposure value to reduce dosage with producing high quality diagnostic image.

The Hunter Trials Essays

The Hunter Trials Essays The Hunter Trials Paper The Hunter Trials Paper Essay Topic: poem Hunter Trials is a humorous poem written by renowned author John Betjemen. The poem captures the thoughts and feelings of a young girl who is competing in a gymkhana. The overall structure and vocabulary of the poem is uncomplicated and therefore adds interest and comedy to the text. The poem contains eight verses, each of which contain four lines. There is an apparent rhyming scheme of lines two and four, and one and three. The poem is in first person and allows the writer to portray his ideas more clearly. During the poem, John Betjemen stereotypes posh people and reflects on their accents and way of speech such as: Do, lend her some bits, Mummy, do. This therefore ties in with the subject and makes the poem humorous. The writer also includes several bizarre and unusual names such as Geyser and Blewitt These names are positioned at the end of the lines and makes the poem more humorous. As well as that, the last verse finishes off the poem well. The sentence: And my silly old collar bones bust Represents the spoiled child that John tried to capture throughout this poem. Yet the main factor that contributes to the comedy of the poem is the sequence of the events. For instance, the idea of fishing down the horses throat with a spanner is in itself amusing. Overall, the poem uses several techniques and use of words to portray the bright and amusing side of a gymkhana.

A Detailed Report on Multiple Sclerosis

Multiple sclerosis is an ailment that affects the brain, optic nerves and spinal cord causing disablement. MS is an autoimmune disorder where immune system targets oligodendrocytes causing the protective myelin sheath of neurons to disappear, which in turn causes communication problem between brain and the rest of the body. Myelin sheath eventually disappear leaving scar tissue or sclerosis hence giving the name multiple sclerosis of scar of multiple areas (Scolding & Wilkins, 2012). The funding regarding detailed study of MS is discussed below as history, etiology, types, symptoms and treatment. The history of understanding and recognizing MS dates back to the end years of the nineteenth century when the foremost doctors around the world came to comprehend that MS was a specific disorder. Dr. Walter Moxon identified MS in England in the year 1873, and in the United States, Dr. Edward Seguin also established the same in 1878 (Menon et al., 2013). It became common knowledge among physicians that the disease is seen more frequently in women than in men and cause many different neurological symptoms and is not directly inherited. Etiology of MS includes the causes of the disease. Although, the specific cause of the disease is still unknown researchers believe that several different factors can act together or separately in causing the disease. The activation and differentiation of CD4+ auto-reactive T cells into Th1 cells are important factors in the long-term evolution of the disease. Antibodies, CD8+ T cells, complement and innate immune cells, mediate damage of the target tissue. Regulatory CD4+ T cells, Th2 cells, NK cells and others may be partly accountable for the chronic progressive or relapsing-remitting nature of the disease (Iezzoni, 2010).   Exposure to sunlight and production of vitamin D, viral infections such as Epstein-Barr (mononucleosis), Varicella zoster and increased amount of salt in triggering immune response may play an important role in causing MS (Iezzoni, 2010). Although MS is not inherited genetically, a number of  genetic variations  have been identified to increase the risk. These include differences in the  human leukocyte antigen  (HLA) system. Alleles  of the MHC namely  DR15  and  DQ6 found to be associated with MS. Other loci such as C554  and  HLA-DRB1 are also involved (Iezzoni, 2010). RRMS is the most common appearance of multiple sclerosis that occurs in 85 percent of people suffering from MS. When new symptoms materialize, people suffering from RRMS have relapses of flare-ups or exacerbations (Malik, Donnelly & Barnett, 2014). In SPMS, Symptoms tend to worsen as the disease progress, either including or excluding the episodes of relapses or remissions. Majority of the people diagnosed with RRMS tend to progress to SPMS (Malik, Donnelly & Barnett, 2014). This is an uncommon variant of MS, stirring in about 10% of the cases. Symptoms tend to degenerate slowly form beginning to end in this type of MS. Relapses or remissions are however, absent (Malik, Donnelly & Barnett, 2014). PRMS is an infrequent type of MS seen only in 5% of the cases is characterized by steady deterioration of diseased condition from the start along with acute relapses and without remissions (Malik, Donnelly & Barnett, 2014). Symptoms of MS vary in a wide range. Typical symptoms include bladder and bowel obstructions, impairment of cognitive function, emotional changes and depression; and fatigue in 90% of the cases. Dizziness and vertigo is a common associated symptom of MS along with Tremors and muscle spasms. Sexual dysfunction is a common problem among both men and women (Scolding & Wilkins, 2012).   Ã‚   There is no cure existing for multiple sclerosis but for the relapsing forms of MS, Several disease-modifying drugs are proposed. The generalized idea about MS and the types, causes, symptoms and common treatment options have been already discussed above. This part of the study includes consequences of MS along with rehabilitation options and alternative therapies proposed for treating MS. MS varies considerably from person to person hence; no one can predict the future implications perfectly. However, MS is not a fatal disease for the vast majority and disability is not to be anticipated in all cases. Several studies showed 95% of normal life expectancy in people with MS (Davidson et al., 2013). Rehabilitation is intended to assist the MS patient to improve or maintain their capacity to function in personal and professional life. Rehabilitation programs usually include Physical therapy, Occupational, Speech and swallowing and Vocational rehabilitation. Cognitive rehabilitation is also done  for assisting people in managing specific problems in thinking and perception (Davidson et al., 2013). Cannabis exact is already in the phase III clinical trials for experimental and alternative therapies of MS. It is considered as experimental drug option for treating relapsing forms of MS. Apart from that Plasmapheresis which involves withdrawing whole blood from the patient and replacing with new plasma is also an option for alternative therapies and have proved to be effective (Davidson et al., 2013). MS is complex disease and present itself with a variety of symptoms and in many forms. People affected suffering from MS not only suffer from physical impairment but also suffer from depression and isolation. From the above discussions, it can be concluded that even though MS cannot be cured there are definitely many options for improving the quality of life of people suffering from it. Multiple sclerosis patients frequently undergo depression hence family of these patients needs to be supportive and patient. Multiple treatment options can be recommended to try for MS treatment. Multi-drug approach along with physical therapy is a good way of approaching Ms associated symptoms. Conservative treatment although proved to be effective but people need to opt for alternative therapies for research advancements for finding cure of this disease.   Davidson, Fallon, Slomski, & Cataldo, Tish, Fleming, Genevieve, Laura L. T. Jean. (2013). Multiple Sclerosis. 2228-2235. Retrieved from https://acu-edu-primo.hosted.exlibrisgroup.com/primo-explore/fulldisplay?docid=TN_gvrl_refCX2760400705&context=PC&vid=61ACU&search_scope=61ACU_All&tab=61acu_all&lang=en_US Iezzoni, L. (2010). Multiple Sclerosis. : ABC-CLIO. Retrieved from https://www.ebrary.com.ezproxy1.acu.edu.au Malik, O., Donnelly, A., & Barnett, M. (2014). Fast Facts: Multiple Sclerosis : Multiple Sclerosis (3). Oxford, GB: Health Press. Retrieved from https://www.ebrary.com.ezproxy2.acu.edu.au Menon, S., Shirani, A., Zhao, Y., Oger, J., Traboulsee, A., Freedman, M., & Tremlett, H. (2013). Characterising aggressive multiple sclerosis. Journal of Neurology, Neurosurgery & Psychiatry, 84(11), 1192. Scolding, Neil, & Wilkins, Alastair. (2012). Multiple sclerosis (Oxford neurology library Multiple sclerosis). Retrieved from https://acu-edu-primo.hosted.exlibrisgroup.com/primo-explore/fulldisplay?docid=61ACU_ALMA5194537680002352&context=L&vid=61ACU&search_scope=61ACU_All&tab=61acu_all&lang=en_US